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Oil and gas
Oil and gas
Oil and gas, oil products, gasoline and other oil processing derivatives are used extensively and everywhere in life of contemporary society. As far as all these substances or their vapors and gases are highly inflammable and explosive as a rule, seldom – toxic, gas-analysis equipment is used to provide personnel protection and industrial projects.
Process of "motion" of oil, gas and products resulting from their processing from deposit to a customer can be divided into the following main steps:
- production;
- processing;
- transportation;
- storage and use.
Examine the steps in details.
During oil production associated gas comes to the surface, the gas can contain toxic substance - hydrogen sulfide. Risk of sudden outburst of flammable gases and hydrogen sulfide mixture, continuous gases evaporation from the surface of poured oil impose requirement on drilling personnel to constantly use individual monitoring devices measuring pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases and maximum permissible concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in working area. Objects located in the place of oil and gas production must be fit with fixed equipment for similar purpose.
Prevention of oil flowing and gas pocket opening during drilling operations is an important task. That is why periodic monitoring of gases concentration in drilling agent is carried out during drilling operations.
Oil and gas processing is carried out at special refinery and gas processing plants. Gas-analysis equipment is used for solving the following tasks: protection of personnel and enterprise (main task), technological process monitoring.
To provide protection all territory of the plant is equipped with systems for continuous monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases and maximum permissible concentrations of toxic gases in working area (if there are any). Personnel of the plant must use portable equipment measuring pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases and maximum permissible concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (other toxic gases) and sum of hydrocarbons in working area.
Examples of gas-analysis equipment used for technological process monitoring are given below:
- continuous monitoring of tank gas quality – gas processing plants products;
- continuous monitoring of ecological emissions with calculation of gross emissions;
- continuous monitoring of oxygen concentration in exhaust gases of waste incinerators;
- continuous monitoring of oxygen concentration in bituminous columns (up to 4 vol. %)
- continuous monitoring of oxygen concentration in flare gas (up to 2 vol. %).
After processing at the plant tank gas, oil and oil products are transported to places of their final consumption. Transportation is carried out by pipeline, railway, sea/river (for details see section "Sea and river vessels") and motor transport.
Continuous monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases and vapors is required during all steps of transportation and in places of gas and oil storage where oil loading and discharge are carried out. Maintenance personnel of petroleum storage depots, oil storages and gas stations must use portable equipment for monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases.
Application features of gas-analysis equipment for domestic gas distribution network are given in section "Community facilities".
"Analitpribor" products used during oil and gas production:
- continuous monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases and vapors – СТМ-30M or gas alarms ДАТ-М with power supply units БПС-21М
- continuous monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases and vapors at lower temperatures – СТМ-30М version ДБН
- continuous monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases and vapors, maximum permissible concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and/or other toxic gases in working area – gas analyzers ДАТ-М, ДАХ-М with power supply units БПС-21М; system СКАПО (Industrial atmosphere monitoring system) for large area objects
- individual gas analyzer for monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases and vapors – СГГ-20Микро
- individual gas analyzer for monitoring of maximum permissible concentrations of hydrogen sulfide – АНКАТ-7631Микро
- portable gas analyzer for simultaneous monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases and vapors, maximum permissible concentrations of toxic gases, excess/lack of oxygen (up to 4 components simultaneously) – АНКАТ-7664Микро
"Analitpribor" products used at refinery and gas processing plants for solving the following safety task:
- continuous monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases, maximum permissible concentrations of toxic gases in working area and excess/lack of oxygen in the total territory of the plant – system СКАПО with the use of sensors ДАТ-М, ДАК and ДАХ-М
- continuous monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases on detached objects with small areas – СТМ-30М, ДАТ-М and ДАК with power supply units БПС-21М
- continuous simultaneous monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases, maximum permissible concentrations of toxic gases in working area and excess/lack of oxygen on detached objects with small areas – ДАТ-М, ДАК and ДАХ-М with power supply units БПС-21М
- individual gas analyzer for monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases and vapors – СГГ-20Микро
- individual gas analyzer for monitoring of maximum permissible concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in working area – АНКАТ-7631Микро
- portable gas analyzer for simultaneous monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases and vapors, maximum permissible concentrations of toxic gases, excess/lack of oxygen (up to 4 components simultaneously) – АНКАТ-7664Микро
"Analitpribor" products used at refinery and gas processing plants for solving the following process control tasks:
- continuous monitoring of tank gas quality – stream explosion-proof chromatographs Хромат-900
- continuous monitoring of ecological emissions with calculation of gross emissions – sets of gas-analysis equipment (КГО) with the use of devices ГАММА-100
- continuous monitoring of oxygen concentration in bituminous columns – set of gas-analysis equipment (КГО) as a part of gas analyzers ДАМ, power supply unit БПС-21М and sample preparation elements
- continuous monitoring of oxygen concentration in flare gas – set of gas-analysis equipment (КГО) as a part of gas analyzers ДАХ-М, version О2-10, power supply unit БПС-21М and sample preparation elements.
"Analitpribor" products used during transportation and storage of natural gas, oil and oil products:
- continuous monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases and vapors at oil cargo piers and objects with small areas – СТМ-30М
- continuous monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases and vapors at objects with large areas – ДАТ-М, ДАК with power supply units БПС-21М or system СКАПО for petroleum storage depots and similar large area objects
- continuous monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of natural gas in the air of gas pumping stations – ДАК with power supply units БПС-21М
- individual gas analyzer for monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases and vapors – СГГ-20Микро
- portable gas analyzer for simultaneous monitoring of pre-explosive concentrations of flammable gases and vapors, maximum permissible concentrations of toxic gases, excess/lack of oxygen (up to 4 components simultaneously) – АНКАТ-7664Микро
